EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS (HYPERSOMNIA) DISORDERS.

Hypersomnias of central origin not due to a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, sleep related breathing disorder, or other cause of disturbed nocturnal sleep

Narcolepsy with cataplexy – this disorder is characterized by excessive sleepiness and sudden loss of muscle tone provoked by strong emotions.

Narcolepsy without cataplexy – this disorder is characterized by excessive sleepiness without cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone). Short naps are generally refreshing.

Narcolepsy due to medical condition – excessive sleepiness with or without cataplexy. The narcolepsy is secondary to a medical condition, generally of neurologic origin.

Recurrent hypersomnia – episodes of severe sleepiness which may persist from a few days to several weeks. These individuals may sleep for 16 to 18 hours per day during these cyclic periods.

Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time – individuals with this condition have severe and constant excessive sleepiness with long naps (often 3-4 hours), which are not refreshing. The major sleep episode is generally at least 10 hours.

Idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time – this condition is similar to the one above except the major sleep period tends to not be increased.

Behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome – an individual who persistently fails to get enough sleep because of voluntary activities. Sleepiness is the main complaint.

Hypersomnia due to medical condition – excessive sleepiness in an individual with a medical or neurological condition. Cataplexy must not be present.

Hypersomnia due to drug or substance use (abuse) – these individuals tend to have excessive nocturnal sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, or excessive napping, which is believed to be secondary to substance use.

Hypersomnia not due to substance or known physiological condition (nonorganic) – This disorder is characterized by excessive nocturnal sleep, daytime sleepiness, or excessive napping, which is generally found to not be restorative.

Physiological (organic) hypersomnia, Unspecified – these individuals have excessive sleepiness occurring almost daily for at least 3 months and have shown increased sleepiness on an MSLT without meeting criteria for narcolepsy. The disorder is believed to be of physiologic origin.